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51.
本研究建立中国刺参(♂)与日本红刺参(♀)杂交组合,通过对杂交子代的胚胎发育进行观察,详细描述其胚胎及幼体各个阶段的发育时序和形态特征,并比较在幼参培育期间杂交苗与中国刺参自交苗的生长和成活.结果表明,在20～22℃时,杂交子代发育至初耳幼体的时间为受精后24 h 38 min,发育至中耳幼体的时间为72 h 8 min,然后经过167h 8 min(约7d)发育至大耳幼体,到受精后第9天发育至樽形幼体.樽形幼体后期,纤毛环逐渐退化,浮游能力减弱,幼虫由浮游转至底栖生活.在幼参培育期间,受精后第38～51天,平均水温为25.2℃,杂交幼参的体重特定生长率(SGR)为2.58％,而自交幼参的SGR略高,为3.03％;从受精后第51～80天,平均水温达到27.17℃,杂交幼参的生长速度减慢,SGR减小至0.66％,但平均体质量明显增加,到第80天达到(0.34±0.035)g,而自交幼参活动能力减弱,摄食量明显减少,SGR减小至0.08％,生长近于停滞,到第80天平均体质量为(0.19±0.034)g.自交苗和杂交苗的成活率相差不显著,分别为82.2％和73.9％.这表明,在高温条件下杂交苗种比自交苗种生长优势明显. 相似文献
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53.
Seasonal changes in food uptake by the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in a farm pond: Evidence from C and N stable isotopes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigated the seasonal changes in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotope values of several typical food sources of Apostichopus japonicus in a farm pond, including particulate organic matter (POM), macroalgae, benthic microalgae and animals such as nematode and copepod. The stable isotope technique was used to quantify relative contributions of various sources to the food uptake by A. japonicus. The results showed that significant changes occurred in the C and N stable isotope values of sea cucumber food sources due to the seasonality of micro-or macroalgae prosperity and the fluctuation of environmental conditions. The sea cucumber A. japonicus exhibited corresponding alterations in feeding strategy in response to the changes in food conditions. Calculation with a stable isotope mixing model showed that macroalgae was the principal food source for A. japonicus throughout the 1-yr investigation, with the relative contribution averaging 28.1% - 63.2%. The relative contributions of other food sources such as copepod and nematode, POM, benthic microalgae to the total food uptake by sea cucumber averaged 22.6% - 39.1%, 6.3% - 22.2%, 2.8% - 6.5%, and 2.8% - 4.2%, respectively. Together these results indicated that the seasonal changes in food sources led to the obvious temporal differences in the relative contribution of various food sources utilized by A. japonicus. Such findings provide the basic scientific information for improving the aquaculture techniques of A. japonicus, particularly for optimizing the food environment of A. japonicus culture in farm ponds. 相似文献
54.
利用MRS固体培养基从南移仿刺参肠道中分离得到1株优势乳酸菌,命名为AJC-XP-15,其最适生长温度为30°C,最适生长pH为6.5;其表面疏水性和自聚率分别为34.56%和35.61%,经16S RNA基因序列分析,并结合形态学和生理生化特性将其鉴定为乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)。拮抗实验结果显示,菌株AJC-XP-15及其发酵上清液对塔氏弧菌(Vibriotubiashii)、哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi)、副溶血弧菌(V. parahaemolyticus, VP)和嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)等病原菌具有很好的抑制作用;体外益生实验表明,菌株AJC-XP-15对人工胃肠液的耐受性很好,在pH3.0的模拟人工胃液处理3 h后的存活率为71.43%,在pH 6.8的模拟人工肠液处理3 h后的存活率为92.1%;抗氧化能力结果显示,菌株AJC-XP-15的无细胞提取物对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除能力最强,分别为(82.67±6.92)%和(15.36±2.95)%,其发酵上清液对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力最强,为(26.36±... 相似文献
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Three color variants of the sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus are recognized,the red one is highly valued in the market. When the red variant is cultured in ponds in China,its body color changes from red to celadon in 3–6 months. The effects of water depth and substrate color on the growth and body color of this animal were investigated. Juveniles of red A. japonicus were cultured in cages suspended at a range of water depths(20,50,100,150 and 200 cm). The specific growth rate of red sea cucumbers was significantly higher in animals cultured at deeper water layers compared with those grown at shallowers. Body weights were greatest for sea cucumbers cultured at a depth of 150 cm and their survival rates were highest at a depth of 200 cm. A scale to evaluate the color of red sea cucumbers(R value) was developed using a Pantone standard color card. All stocked animals in the 9-month trial retained a red color,however the red body color was much more intense in sea cucumbers cultured at shallower depths,while animals suspended in deeper layers became pale. In a separate trial,A. japonicus were cultured in suspended cages with seven different colored substrates. Substrate color had a significant effect on the growth and body-color of red A. japonicus. The yield were greatest for A. japonicus cultured on a yellow substrate,followed by green white orange red black and blue. All sea cucumbers in the 7-month trial retained a red color,although the red was most intense(highest R value) in animals cultured on a blue substrate and pale(lowest R value) for animals cultured on a green substrate. 相似文献
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夏眠是刺参(Apostichopusjaponicas)应对夏季高温低氧等不良环境的重要生存策略,而抑制高耗能的蛋白合成则是夏眠期机体有效降低能耗的重要环节。真核翻译起始因子eIF2是启动蛋白翻译的关键因子,在蛋白合成调控中发挥了重要作用。本研究克隆分析了刺参翻译起始因子eIF2α亚基(eif2s1基因)全长cDNA序列及结构特征,并测定了其在夏眠期间的时空表达模式。结果表明:刺参eif2s1基因序列较保守,与紫海胆该基因同源性最高。同时,刺参eif2s1基因在深度夏眠期组织中出现了不同程度的表达抑制,可能参与了刺参夏眠蛋白抑制调控。 相似文献
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异常气候和环境对刺参养殖业的影响及应对策略 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为有效化解或降低异常气候和环境对我国刺参(Apostichopus japonicas)养殖生产造成的不良影响,进一步增强产业抵御风险能力,概述了近10年来"厄尔尼诺"和"拉尼娜"等世界性气候变化不同程度引发的持续高温、集中强降雨、长期大范围冰封等极端天气现象,以及海洋生态持续恶化导致的有害藻华泛滥、围海造礁等环境突变现象对我国刺参养殖产量、产品质量造成的直接影响,调查研究了灾害发生对刺参养殖业发展造成的次生影响,结合产业现状,分别从基础设施、苗种质量、技术集成创新、风险意识、产业链结构以及保障机制等方面系统分析了当前刺参养殖应对异常气候和环境影响的短板问题,有针对性的提出了应对措施与防范策略建议,以期为保障我国刺参养殖产业持续、高效、健康发展提供有益的借鉴。 相似文献
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采用c DNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid amplification of c DNA ends,RACE)克隆了刺参GPR54-like(Apostichopus japonicus,Aj GPR54-like,简称Aj GPR54L)基因c DNA全长,对Aj GPR54L全长c DNA序列进行了生物信息学分析;通过绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)融合表达,对其在HEK293细胞中进行了亚细胞定位分析;采用实时荧光定量PCR技术(q RT-PCR)检测Aj GPR54L在组织中的表达。结果表明:该基因全长1454 bp,包含993 bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),编码330个氨基酸,191 bp的5′非翻译区(UTR)和270 bp的3′-UTR.预测蛋白质的相对分子质量为37.83 ku、等电点(p I)为9.81;预测蛋白序列分析显示Aj GPR54L具有GPCR家族蛋白典型的七次跨膜结构,包含1个预测的N-连接糖基化位点、5个Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr序列子和34个磷酸化位点,无信号肽酶切位点;与已鉴定的GPR54s氨基酸序列同源性分析表明,Aj GPR54L与斑马鱼GPR54序列相似性最高,为30.0%;共聚焦显微镜检测显示Aj GPR54L-EGFP可定位于细胞膜表面;基因表达定量分析结果显示,Aj GPR54L在刺参呼吸树、消化道、体壁、肌肉、神经环中均有表达分布,且神经环中表达量显著高于其他组织。 相似文献
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仿刺参(Apostichopusjaponicus)因其高营养价值并富含多种生物活性成分,具有重要的经济价值。为了充分利用仿刺参加工下脚料,提高养殖经济效益,本文采用复合蛋白酶解法提取仿刺参消化道多糖,研究了酶解温度、时间、pH及加酶量对仿刺参消化道多糖得率的影响,并通过正交实验对仿刺参消化道多糖提取工艺进行优化,利用DEAE-sepharoseFastFlow层析柱对多糖进行纯化,通过傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、气相色谱(GC)及核磁共振(13C, 1H谱)对多糖的结构及组成进行分析。结果表明,复合蛋白酶在pH 7,加酶量1.2?104 U/g,温度60℃酶解6h;利用Sevage法脱蛋白提取得到的仿刺参消化道多糖纯度均一,效果最佳。通过FT-IR结果判断其为糖类化合物,含有β型葡萄毗喃糖苷键;利用气相色谱确定该多糖主要由鼠李糖、岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖六种单糖组成,其摩尔比为1︰32.86︰14.56︰1.66︰0.78︰10.43,其中岩藻糖的含量最高;核磁共振综合分析结果进一步证实仿刺参消化道多糖含有β型毗喃已糖,且主要是以l, 4-糖苷键相连接。 相似文献
60.
全球气候变化背景下的极端高温和强降雨频发天气导致的养殖池塘持续性的高温和低盐环境给刺参池塘养殖带来了严峻的挑战。为了研究刺参对高温和低盐环境的生理响应,本实验分析了高温和低盐协同胁迫对刺参幼参生长及诱导型hsp70和hsp90基因表达的影响。实验设置4个温度梯度（16℃、20℃、24℃和28℃）和3个盐度梯度（22、27和32）,共12个不同的胁迫组。经过40 d的长期胁迫,研究发现,随着温度的升高和盐度的降低,幼参的体重增加量减少,并在高温、低盐组出现体重负增长。长期胁迫提高了刺参幼参的诱导型hsp70和hsp90基因表达量,从而在一定程度上增强了对极端天气的抵抗能力。同时,高温下盐度22处理组刺参幼参诱导型hsp70和hsp90基因的表达量较盐度27条件下低。双因子方差分析结果显示,高温和低盐对幼参特定生长率和诱导型hsp70和hsp90基因表达量的交互作用均不显著,并且盐度对诱导型hsp70和hsp90基因表达量没有显著的影响。因此,相较低盐,高温对刺参幼参的影响更大,可作为刺参育种的选择压力。在高温期应该采取有效措施降低海水温度,并防止极端天气造成的养殖水体温度分层。该研究丰富了刺参生理生态学理论,可为刺参良种选育工作提供思路,并为指导极端天气下刺参生产实践活动提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献